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This research aims to use the finite element method to examine critical distress modes in the pavement layers due to changes in the structural properties brought upon by fire damage.

A full dynamic analysis is performed to replicate heavy vehicle axle wheel loads travelling over a pavement section.

Results show a 72 per cent decrease in the number of load repetitions which a fire-damaged pavement can experience before fatigue cracking of the asphalt. Further, there is a 51 per cent decrease in loading cycles of the subgrade before rutting of the fire-damaged system.

Fatigue of asphalt and deformation of subgrade from repeated vehicular loading are the most common failure mechanisms, and major attributors to pavement maintenance and rehabilitation costs. Pavement analysis has always been concentrated on evaluating deterioration under regularly occurring operational conditions. However, the impact of one-off events, such as vehicle petroleum fires, has not been evaluated for the effects on deterioration.

This paper aims to examine Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX)-listed companies’ society disclosures.

Year-ending 2012 annual report disclosures of 75 IDX-listed companies are analyzed. The widely acknowledged Global Reporting Initiative guidelines are used as the disclosure index checklist.

The results show a relatively low level of voluntary society disclosure (40.27 per cent). The highest level of communication is for issues related to society programs. Very few companies disclosed information about public policy, donations to political parties and actions taken in response to corruption incidents. Statistical analysis reveals that company size is a positively significant predictor of “society” communication. Ethical stakeholder theory partially explains the variability of these disclosures.

The main implication of the findings is that Indonesian companies are not involved in the public policy-making process. Companies also probably attempt to hide certain information regarding corruption issues to protect their image and reputation.

This paper provides insights into the disclosure practices of society issues, a specific social disclosure theme which is rarely examined in prior literature, within the framework of ethical stakeholder theory. The research also includes corruption issues to be investigated in the disclosure analysis.